性别代词

十大赌博靠谱信誉网站 is committed to valuing and validating the gender identity and expression of members of the campus community. Gender identity refers to an individual’s internal sense of gender, regardless of the sex assigned to them at birth or the sex designation on their legal documents. One way that 十大赌博靠谱信誉网站 seeks to create gender-inclusive academic, living, and work environments is by encouraging all members of the campus community to indicate the pronouns they use for themselves, 如果需要, 在类, 学生宿舍, 工作场所, 以及其他设置, and by encouraging members of the campus community to respect these pronouns.

什么是代词?

• A pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun or a noun phrase to refer to individuals.
• 代词可以用第一人称单数(I, 我)或复数形式(十大赌博信誉的平台), us); second person singular or plural (you); and the third person singular (e.g.(她/她，他/他，他们/他们，ze/hir)或复数形式(他们/他们).
• Gendered pronouns specifically reference someone’s gender: he/him/his or she/her/hers.
• Non-gendered or nonbinary pronouns are not gender specific and are most often used by people who identify outside of a gender binary. The most common set of nonbinary pronouns is they/them/their used in the singular (e.g., Jadzia identifies as genderqueer; they do not see themselves as either a woman or a man). Other nonbinary pronouns include ze (pronounced “zee”) in place of she/he, hir(读作“here”)代替his/him/her (e.g., Jadzia runs hir own business, but ze is more well-known as an author). The terms “it” or “he-she” are slurs used against transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals, 和不应该使用.
• Other approaches to pronouns may include going simply by one’s name, 没有偏好, 或者想要完全避免使用代词.
• There are many languages in the world that do not use gendered pronouns.

代词表

(这不是一个详尽的清单)

为什么代词很重要?

• It is important to ask for pronouns because you cannot assume how someone identifies their gender based on their appearance.
• 作为一个社会, we commonly assume the gender of others by their appearance and indicate these assumptions by using gendered language, 比如她/他, ma’am/sir, Ms./Mr.，女士们/先生们.
• 这种做法导致许多人, 尤其是变性人和性别不一致的人, 被misgendered, 这会让他们觉得不被尊重吗, 被边缘化的, 和看不见的.
• It is a privilege to not have to worry about which pronoun someone is going to use for you based on how they perceive your gender. 如果你有这个特权, 却不尊重他人的性别认同, 这是不尊重和伤害.

我怎样才能包容地使用和尊重性别代词?

• Respecting someone’s self-identification means using the gender pronouns with which they identify. 有些人使用不止一套代词.
• Normalize the process of indicating your gender pronouns in everyday use with strategies such as including them in your email signature, 名片, 网站配置文件, 和面前, 或者在介绍自己时使用它们.e.“我的名字是头，我的代词是他和他. 你呢??”)
• If you do not know or have not asked someone’s pronouns, try to use “they/them” pronouns.
• 要求个人提供他们的人称代词。. 一开始会觉得很尴尬, but it is not as awkward as getting it wrong or making a hurtful assumption.  下面是一些你可以做到的方法:
  • 你用了什么代词?”
  • “你希望我怎么称呼你??”
  • “你能提醒我应该用什么代词称呼你吗??" 
• 请注意，如果是学生, staff, or community member tells you that they do not want to disclose their pronouns or do not wish their pronouns to be public knowledge, 你可以只称呼那个人的名字.e.里奥的书在那边. 你能把它交给利奥吗?).

如果我用错了别人的代词怎么办? 

• The best thing to do if you use the wrong pronoun for someone is to say something right away, 比如“对不起”, 我是说他们.” Fix it, but do not call special attention to the error in the moment. If you realize your mistake after the fact, apologize in private and move on.
• It can be tempting to go on and on about how bad you feel that you messed up or how hard it is for you to get it right. 但是，请不要这样. It is inappropriate and makes the person who was misgendered feel awkward and responsible for comforting you, 这不是他们的工作. 记住别人的代词是你的工作.
• 如果你听到别人用错了代词, 在大多数情况下, you may gently correct the person who made the mistake without further embarrassing the individual who was misgendered. You can say something like, “Actually, Neera uses ‘they’ for themselves.”

代词do和Donts

Do!

• 你知道大多数人都有代词吗, 不仅仅是变性人, 询问代词是非常重要的, both so someone is not misgendered and so that trans people are not the only ones who will feel the need to share their pronouns.
• 还记得有些人用不止一套代词吗.
• Do ask people the pronouns they use for themselves whenever you ask people their name, such as when you meet someone for the first time or when you do go-arounds at meetings. 记住，人们可能会改变他们使用的代词, 因此，有必要定期在绕口令中询问代词.
• 是说“某人用的代词”还是“他们的人称代词”,而不是“他们的首选代词”,因为人们使用的代词并不是一种偏好.
• Do remember that not everyone feels comfortable indicating their pronouns at all or in every setting and no one should feel forced to do so.
• Do consider using other ways to make language more gender-inclusive, 比如用“嘿, 或者“大家都好吗??而不是“嘿，伙计们。!或者“嘿，女士们。!或者“你们过得怎么样??” 浏览更多性别包容的术语.

Don’t!

• Don’t refer to pronouns such as “they/them/their” or “ze/hir/hir” as “gender-neutral pronouns.” While some people identify as gender-neutral, others see themselves as gendered in a nonbinary way. 更好的语言是“非二元代词”.”
• 不要把别人使用的代词描述为“首选代词”.“这不是一种偏好. The pronouns that a person uses are their pronouns and the only ones that should be used for them.
• 不要说“男性代词”和“女性代词”.” Pronouns are not necessarily tied to someone’s gender identity: some trans people use “he/him/his” or “she/her/her,，但不确定是男性还是女性, 分别.
• If you conform to (most) gender expectations and are not a transgender person, 不要表示你“不在乎别人用什么代词称呼我”.” Such statements reinforce the privilege of people who are gender conforming and not transgender because these people are not going to be misgendered and thus do not need to worry about the pronouns that people use for them. It also invalidates the experiences of gender nonconforming and transgender people, many of whom struggle with getting people to use their correct pronouns.

关于如何使用、询问和分享代词的资源

• ​​​​​​人称代词资源

• 练习代词

• 分享你的代词 [video]

• 代词教程 [video]

• 国际代词日

性别包容性的术语

Adapted from UMass Stonewall Center, Boston University, and lgbtcampus.org